ENTRY 5 - Article 5 of Directive 2008/98/EC

By-products, unless they are imported or placed on the market themselves.

Article 5 of Directive 2008/98/EC (“Waste Framework Directive”) defines by-products as: "A substance or object, resulting from a production process, the primary aim of which is not the production of that item, […] if the following conditions are met: 

• further use of the substance or object is certain; 
  
• the substance or object can be used directly without any further processing other than normal industrial practice; 
  
• the substance or object is produced as an integral part of a production process; and 
  
• further use is lawful, i.e. the substance or object fulfils all relevant product, environmental and health protection requirements for the specific use and will not lead to overall adverse environmental or human health impacts."