ENTRY 10

Gewijzigd op Do, 17 Okt, 2024 om 12:02 PM

The following substances if they are not chemically modified: Liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas condensate, process gases and components thereof, coke, cement clinker, magnesia. This exemption comprises a number of substances that are exempted unless they are chemically modified16:

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

In general, liquefied petroleum gas comprises the hydrocarbons propane, propene, butane, butene, isobutane and combinations thereof. These combinations of gases can be liquefied by cooling, compression, or a combination of both processes. Liquefied petroleum gas is extracted from crude oil and natural gas streams. It can also be obtained by processing of crude oil in refineries and in some instances as a by-product from chemical plants. The composition of LPG depends on the manufacturing process applied. For example, butane and propane combinations supplied commercially for use as fuel would fall under this category.

For information, the EINECS lists LPG under the following entry; however, the LPG exemption is not limited to this definition: EINECS number: 270-704-2, CAS number: 68476-85-7

Petroleum gases, liquefied

A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the distillation of crude oil. It consists of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C3 through C7 and boiling in the range of approximately -40°C to 80°C (-40°F to 176°F).

Natural gas condensate

Natural gas condensate is a low-density combination of hydrocarbon liquids that are present as gaseous components in the raw natural gas. It condenses out of the raw natural gas if the temperature is reduced below the hydrocarbon dew point temperature of the raw natural gas. Natural gas condensate is regarded as a by-product of the processing of the natural gas. Depending on the processes used to isolate it, natural gas condensate may be regarded as a substance which occurs in nature and falling under entry iv of Annex V(7).

For information, the EINECS lists natural gas condensate under the following entry17: EINECS number 272-896-3, CAS number 68919-39-1

Natural gas condensates

A complex combination of hydrocarbons separated and/or condensed from natural gas during transportation and collected at the wellhead and/or from the production, gathering, transmission, and distribution pipelines in deeps, scrubbers, etc. It consists predominantly of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C2 through C8.

Process gases and components thereof

Process gases are not naturally occurring substances. The expression ‘process gas’ can be regarded as an umbrella term for all kinds of gases produced during certain technical processes. Any risks from the process gas should be covered in the Chemical Safety Assessment of the substances involved in the process itself. An example of a ‘process gas’ is blast furnace gas. This gas is produced during the reduction of iron ores and sinter with coke in blast furnaces in the iron and steel industry. It is recovered and used as a fuel partly within the plant and partly in other steel industry processes or in power stations equipped to burn it.

Cement clinker

Cement clinker is a component of cement. Cement is regarded as a preparation composed of cement clinker, gypsum and other constituents depending on the cement type. Cement clinker is manufactured from the raw materials limestone, clay, bauxite, iron ore and quartz, grounded to a fine powder which is heated under oxidising conditions up to around 1400°-1450° C, at which temperature partial melting (sintering) takes place, resulting in drab granules. This process warrants that chemical bonds in the raw material cease to exist and new bonds are irregularly formed through material melting, producing the granules containing mainly tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, dicalcium aluminate ferrite, tricalcium aluminate and calcium oxide. The melted material is rapidly cooled (quenched) to preserve its reactive mineral constituents.

Cement clinker does not have an EINECS number but it is very close in composition to "Cement, portland, chemicals" and/or "Cement, alumina, chemicals". Both of these substances have entries in EINECS and are included below for reference:

EINECS number 266-043-4, CAS number 65997-15-1

Cement, portland, chemicals

Portland cement is a mixture of chemical substances produced by burning or sintering at high temperatures (greater than 1200°C (2192°F)) raw materials which are predominantly calcium carbonate, aluminium oxide, silica, and iron oxide. The chemical substances which are manufactured are confined in a crystalline mass. This category includes all of the chemical substances specified below when they are intentionally manufactured in the production of Portland cement. The primary members of the category are Ca2SiO4 and Ca3SiO5. Other compounds listed below may also be included in combination with these primary substances.

CaAl2O4	Ca2Al2SiO7	CaO
CaAl4O7	Ca4Al6SO16	Ca6Al4Fe2O15
CaAl12O19	Ca12Al14Cl2O32	Ca2Fe2O5
Ca3Al2O6	Ca12Al14F2O32
Ca12Al14O33	Ca4Al2Fe2O10

EINECS number: 266-045-5, CAS number: 65997-16-2

Cement, alumina, chemicals

High-Alumina cement is a mixture of chemical substances produced by burning or sintering at high temperature (greater than 1200°C (2192°F)) raw materials which are predominantly calcium carbonate, aluminium oxide, silica, and iron oxide. The chemical substances which are manufactured are confined in a crystalline mass.

This category includes all of the chemical substances specified below when they are intentionally manufactured in the production of high-alumina cement. The primary members of this category are CaAl2O4, Ca4Al2Fe2O10, Ca12Al14O33, and Ca2SiO4. Other compounds listed below may also be included in the combination with these primary substances.

CaAl4O7	Ca2Al2SiO7	Ca3SiO5
CaAl12O19	Ca4Al6SO16	Ca6Al4Fe2O15
Ca3Al2O6	Ca12Al14Cl2O32	Ca2Fe2O5
CaO	Ca12Al14F2O32

Magnesia

Magnesia, (MgO, magnesium oxide) rarely occurs as a natural mineral (also known as periclase). It is mostly manufactured from natural magnesite (MgCO3), seawater and natural and synthetic brines.

There are several forms of magnesia covered by this exemption. These include dead- burned magnesia, caustic-calcinated (light-burned magnesia), hard-burned magnesia and fused magnesia.

The EINECS is listing magnesium oxide under the following entry: EINECS number 215-171-9, CAS number 1309-48-4 - Magnesium oxide

Coke

Coke is a black, combustible residue of the coking (respectively carbonizing or baking) processes, predominantly consisting of carbon. All types of coke are exempted regardless of the starting materials from which they are obtained. Coking is a general term for high temperature treatment of substances such as coal or the residues from the petroleum refinery processes. The conditions of the processes depend on the starting materials used (e.g. coking of coal involves heating up to 1100ºC in the absence of oxygen). The typical coking process is a thermal process which takes place either in a liquid or in a solid phase. Examples of different types of coke on EINECS are listed as follows: EINECS number 310-221-7, CAS number 140203-12-9

coke (coal tar), high-temperature pitch The carbon containing residue from the carbonization coking of pitch from high temperature (>700°C or >1272°F) coal tar. Consists primarily of carbon. Also contains small amounts of sulfur and ash. EINECS number 266-010-4, CAS number 65996-77-2

Coke (coal) The cellular carbonaceous mass resulting from the high temperature (greater than 700°C (1292°F)) destructive distillation of coal. Composed primarily of carbon. May contain varying amounts of sulfur and ash.

EINECS number 265-080-3, CAS number 64741-79-3 Coke (petroleum)

A solid material resulting from high temperature treatment of petroleum fractions. It consists of carbonaceous material and contains some hydrocarbons having a high carbon-to-hydrogen ratio.

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